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Earth Systems: Unit 3 Vocabulary

Across
Waves of energy that travel through the Earth
A device that measures the strength of an earthquake
The channel from the magma chamber to the vent to bring the magma to the surface; also known as a pipe
Seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave
large underground pool of molten rock sitting underneath the Earth's crust; also known as a chamber
Molten rock beneath the earth's surface
A steep, cone-shaped hill or small mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening
measurement system that describes the effects of the earthquake; uses Roman Numerals
A bowl-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening
A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials
A vent in Earth's crust through which molten rock flows
An opening in a volcano connecting the Magma to the surface
The location on the surface directly above the focus
Down
Magma that reaches Earth's surface
A huge destructive wave (especially one caused by an earthquake)
a more accurate scale used to express energy released by an earthquake based on size of the area of the fault that moves, average distance that the fault block moves, and rigidity of the rocks in the fault zone
A logarithmic scale of 1 to 10 used to express the energy released by an earthquake based on ground motion
A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions
volcano that has low-silica magma with high levels of dissolved gas; produces "fire fountain" eruptions
The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape
Seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface
A type of seismic wave which causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring
The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface
A large crater caused by the violent explosion of a volcano that collapses into a depression
A circle of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean
Point at the depth where the rocks ruptured to produce earthquakes; place where quake waves originate