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Plate Tectonics and Earth's Internal Structure

Across
The rocks of Earth's crust that make up the base of the continents, ranging in thickness from about 35 km to 60 km under moon
a tectonic plate boundary along which plates slide horizontally past one another in opposite directions
the sliding of oceanic lithosphere downward and away from a mid-ocean ridge due to the higher elevation of the mid-ocean ridge relative to a subduction zone
the solid, inner portion of Earth's core, composed of an alloy of iron, nickel, and other heavy elements; rotates within the liquid outer core
a large landmass created by the convergence of multiple continents
one of six supercontinents that existed during the Paleozoic Era; composed mostly of modern-day South America, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and India
the gravitational force on dense oceanic lithosphere that forces one plate to slide beneath another
the cycle of the convergence and divergence of continents; the cycle of creation and break-up of supercontinents
the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges as tectonic plates pull away from each other
a convergent boundary where oceanic lithosphere is forced down into the asthenosphere under the lithosphere that comprises another, less dense tectonic plate
the part of Earth which is composed mostly of rocks; the crust and outer mantle
the transfer of heat from one place to another caused by movement of molecules
the portion of Earth's crust that makes up the ocean floor and is generally denser and thinner than continental crust
Down
a tectonic plate boundary at which two tectonic plates move toward each other, causing collisions and subduction zones
the large supercontinent at the end of the Paleozoic Era consisting of all the land on Earth, including all seven continents
the movement of Earth's continents relative to each other
a curved chain of volcanic islands created by volcanism as a result of the subduction of an oceanic plate, usually running parallel to a deep-sea trench
a tectonic valley that forms by extensional stress which causes fracturing and the formation of normal faults
occurs when rocks are squeezed by external forces directed toward one another to put stress on the rock, acting to decrease its volume or shorten its dimensions
the motion of tectonic plates, which occurs at a rate of a few centimeters per year
the liquid outer portion of Earth's core, composed primarily of iron and nickel
the layer of solid rock between Earth’s crust and core