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Chapter 29

Across
Small, extremely dense remnant of a star whose gravity is so immense that not even light can escape its gravity field
Process in which heavy atomic nuclei split into smaller, lighter atomic nuclei
Hot, condensed object at the center of a nebula that will become a new star when nuclear fusion reactions begin
Arc of gas ejected from the chromosphere, or gas that condenses in the Sun's inner corona and rains back to the surface, that can reach temperatures over 50,000 K and is associated with sunspots
Top layer of the Sun's atmosphere that extends from the top of the chromosphere and ranges in temperature from 3 million to 5 million K
Group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky that resembles an animal, mythological character, or everyday object
Brightness an object would have if it were placed at a distance of 10 pc; classification system for stellar brightness that can be calculated only when the actual distance to a star is known
In an H-R diagram, the broad, diagonal band that includes 90% of all stars and runs from hot, luminous stars in the upper-left corner to cool, dim stars in the lower-right corner
A spinning neutron star that exhibits a pulsing pattern
Large cloud of interstellar gas and dust that collapses on itself, due to its own gravity, and forms a hot, condensed object that will become a new star
Wind of charged particles (ions) that flow throughout our solar system and begins as gas flowing outward from the Sun's corona at high speeds
Lowest layer of the Sun's atmosphere that is also its visible surface, has an average temperature of 5800 K, and is about 400 km thick
Apparent positional shift of an object caused by the motion of the observer
Graph that relates stellar characteristics: class, mass, temperature, magnitude, diameter, and luminosity
Down
Dark spot on the surface of the photosphere that typically lasts two months, occurs in pairs, and has a penumbra and an umbra
Classification system based on how bright a star appears to be; does not take distance into account so cannot indicate how bright a star actually is
Violent eruption of radiation and particles from the Sun's surface that is associated with sunspots
Energy output from the surface of a star per second; measured in watts
Layer of the Suns's atmosphere above the photosphere and below the corona that is about 2500 km thick and has a temperature around 15,000 K at its top
Describes two stars that are bound together by gravity and orbit a common center of mass
The distance equal to 3.26 ly and 3.086 x 10^13 km
Collapsed, dense core of a star that forms quickly while its outer layers are falling inward, has a radius of about 10 km, a mass 1.5 to 3 times that of the Sun, and contains mostly neutrons
The combining of lightweight nuclei into heavier nuclei; occurs in the core of the Sun where temperatures and pressure are extremely high
Massive explosion that occurs when the outer layers of a star are blown off