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Biology Vocab Contract

Across
the rearrangement of genetic material, especially by crossing over in chromosomes or by the artificial joining of segments of DNA from different organisms
a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes
an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
the loss or excision of a section of genetic code, or its product, from a nucleic acid or protein sequence
a genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read
the action of replacing someone or something with another person or thing
replicate (a fragment of DNA placed in an organism) so that there is enough to analyze or use in protein production
RNA consisting of folded molecules which transport amino acids from the cytoplasm of a cell to a ribosome
an enzyme which brings about the formation of a particular polymer, especially DNA or RNA
a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA
Down
the haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete or microorganism, or in each cell of a multicellular organism
the process by which genetic information represented by a sequence of DNA nucleotides is copied into newly synthesized molecules of RNA, with the DNA serving as a template
one whose phenotype is influenced by more than one gene
enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes
sequences of DNA and RNA that are needed to stop translation or the making of proteins by stringing amino acids together
a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information
the form of RNA in which genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome
the process by which a sequence of nucleotide triplets in a messenger RNA molecule gives rise to a specific sequence of amino acids during synthesis of a polypeptide or protein
a rare nonreciprocal translocation involving three breaks in which a segment is removed from one chromosome and then inserted into a broken region of a nonhomologous chromosome
a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain
the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA