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Ch. 2 Chemistry of Life Vocabulary

Across
a polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to the cell
a substance capable of dissolving another substance
escribes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving
a particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1
________ table of elements. An organizational chart of elements, indicating the atomic number and mass number of each element; also provides key information about the properties of elements
a negative ion formed by gaining electrons
a lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol (triglyceride) that typically exists in a solid form at room temperature
a single unit or monomer of carbohydrates
a negatively charged particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a charge of –1
an atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and therefore has a net charge
_____ acid. A monomer of a protein.
_____ number. The number of protons in an atom.
describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing
an unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature
a large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers
_____ bond. A chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges
two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond
a scale ranging from 0 to 14 that measures the approximate concentration of hydrogen ions of a substance
Down
atypeofcarbohydratethatformstheouterskeletonofarthropods,suchasinsectsandcrustaceans,andthecellwalls of fungi.
a substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH
a monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
the attraction between water molecules and molecules of a different substance
the intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; creates surface tension
a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
_____ bond. A type of strong bond between two or more of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between elements
_____ covalent bond. A type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between atoms, resulting in no regions with partial charges as in polar covalent bonds
amajorconstituentofthemembranesofcells;composedoftwofattyacidsandaphosphategroupattached to the glycerol backbone
_____ bond. A weak bond between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms and partially negatively charged elements or molecules
a biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural support in cells.
a long chain of monosaccharides
______ number. The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom
a positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1 and a charge of +1
a positive ion formed by losing electrons
a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and insoluble in water
a biological macromolecule composed of one or more chains of amino acids
_____ acid. A biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell
_____ covalent bond. A type of covalent bond in which electrons are pulled toward one atom and away from another, resulting in slightly positive and slightly negative charged regions of the molecule
a substance that absorbs hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH