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Ch. 2 Chemistry of Life Vocabulary

Across
a negative ion formed by gaining electrons
the intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; creates surface tension
a monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
a particle with no charge that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1
_____ number. The number of protons in an atom.
a biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural support in cells.
a substance that absorbs hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH
a single unit or monomer of carbohydrates
a substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH
a positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of 1 and a charge of +1
the attraction between water molecules and molecules of a different substance
_____ acid. A biological macromolecule that carries the genetic information of a cell and carries instructions for the functioning of the cell
amajorconstituentofthemembranesofcells;composedoftwofattyacidsandaphosphategroupattached to the glycerol backbone
_____ covalent bond. A type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between atoms, resulting in no regions with partial charges as in polar covalent bonds
a large molecule, often formed by polymerization of smaller monomers
an unsaturated fat that is a liquid at room temperature
escribes a substance that dissolves in water; water-loving
Down
_____ acid. A monomer of a protein.
a lipid molecule composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol (triglyceride) that typically exists in a solid form at room temperature
a substance capable of dissolving another substance
the loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH, or exposure to chemicals
a polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides structural support to the cell
two sugar monomers that are linked together by a peptide bond
a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
describes a substance that does not dissolve in water; water-fearing
_____ bond. A chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges
anything that has mass and occupies space
a type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of arthropods, such as insects and crustaceans, and the cell walls of fungi.
a negatively charged particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a charge of –1
a long chain of monosaccharides
a positive ion formed by losing electrons
an atom or compound that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons, and therefore has a net charge
_____ bond. A weak bond between partially positively charged hydrogen atoms and partially negatively charged elements or molecules
________ table of elements. An organizational chart of elements, indicating the atomic number and mass number of each element; also provides key information about the properties of elements
one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances and retain the characteristic of that substance; each element has a specified number of protons and unique properties
_____ covalent bond. A type of covalent bond in which electrons are pulled toward one atom and away from another, resulting in slightly positive and slightly negative charged regions of the molecule
______ number. The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom