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6.5 Vocabulary

Across
the hottest layer inside Earth; made of a mixture of solid iron and nickel
the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces from exposure to changes in temperature, wind, water, and/or biological forces
the remains of ancient animals and plants, the traces or impressions of living things from past geologic ages, or the traces of their activities
the processes that form, break down, and re-form rock from one category to another
includes all of the fossils that have ever been found; scientists use it to understand Earth’s history
a plate boundary formed when two tectonic plates slide past each other in parallel, grinding along their sides as they move
heat transfer in fluids (liquids and gases) where warmer, less- dense fluid rises, allowing cooler, denser fluid to take its place; causes a tumbling motion in the fluid
a plate boundary formed when two tectonic plates move apart from one another perpendicular to the fault line
the transport of sediment by wind, water, or gravity
tells scientists whether something is younger or older than something else
the outer layer of Earth’s core; made of liquid iron and nickel metal
Down
a category of rock formed in chemical reactions where one type of rock is changed by pressure or heat into a new type of rock with different properties
a plate boundary formed when two tectonic plates move toward one another perpendicular to the fault line
a mixture of minerals that heat and pressure have pressed together
a category of rock formed when hot liquid rock (either magma or lava) cools into solid form
Earth’s outermost layer; the hard rock layer of the planet that makes up the continents and holds the oceans
drifting slabs of solid rock, called plates, that make up Earth’s surface
the layer of Earth between the outer core and the crust; mostly molten, semi-solid rock called magma that is so soft it moves in convection currents, like liquid water
a precise number (in years, minutes, or other unit of time) that represents how much time has passed