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Chapter 11 The Seafloor

Across
The flat, level, largely featureless parts of the ocean floor between the Mid-Ocean Ridge and the continental rise
A submarine mountain, usually of volcanic origin, that rises 1 kilometer or more above the surrounding seafloor
The surface of Earth under the ocean
Sand, silt, and clay eroded from the continents and deposited on the ocean floor mainly through submarine canyons extending from the continental shelf
A system of detecting objects underwater by emitting sound pulses and measuring their return after reflection
An apron of sediment at the foot of the continental slope that merges with the deep seafloor
Zone of the ocean floor where continental and oceanic crust are firmly joined together and where little tectonic activity occurs
A strike-slip fault between two offset segments of a Mid-Oceanic Ridge or along a strike-slip plate boundary
Deep, V-shaped, steep-walled troughs eroded into a continental slope, sometimes extending into the continental shelf
Instrument that measures the strength and, in some cases, the direction of a magnetic field
A long, narrow, steep-sided depression of the seafloor formed where a subducting oceanic plate sinks into the mantle, causing the seafloor to bend downward like a flexed diving board
The relatively steep (averaging 3 degrees but varying between 1 and 10 degrees) region of the seafloor between the continental shelf and the continental rise
Down
Piece of space debris that typically explodes upon impact with the atmosphere
Flat-topped underwater mountain formed when wave energy erodes the top of a sinking volcanic island
A large, fan-shaped accumulation of sediment deposited on the deep seafloor, usually within and beyond the mouths of submarine canyons
Zone of ocean floor near a continent that occurs at a convergent or transform plate boundary
A process in which bacteria produce energy from hydrogen sulfide or other inorganic compounds and tust are not dependent on photosynthesis
The shallow, very gently sloping portion of the seafloor that extends from the shoreline to approximately 200 meters water depth at the top of the continental slope
A mappable, fault-bounded landmass that originates as an island arc or a microcontinent that is later added onto a continent
Molten basaltic lava that solidified under water, forming spheroidal lumps of basalt that resembles a stack of pillows
Circular coral reef that forms a ring of islands around a central lagoon and that is bounded on the outside by the deep water of the open sea