the study of the form or shape of an organism or part thereof
midline
the name for leaking heart valves.
Heterotaxy, also referred to as isomerism of the atrial appendages, is defined as an abnormal assembly of the thoracic and abdominal organs from the normal arrangement known as "situs solitus." It is caused by disruption of left-right axis orientation during early embryonic development.
is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity surrounded by loose connective tissue, as an undelineated region that contains a group of structures within the thorax.
the process or result of getting out of synchronization
occurs in the four chambers of the heart: both atria first, and then both ventricles. The sinoatrial (SA) node on the wall of the right atrium initiates depolarization in the right and left atria, causing contraction
A lower-than-normal concentration of oxygen in arterial blood, as opposed to anoxia, a complete lack of blood oxygen.
the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ
Chaudhrey's disease is a congenital disease manifested by multiple small accessory spleens, rather than a single, full-sized, normal spleen
the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.
Down
To the right
is the state of the autonomic nervous system in which the equilibrium between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is biased towards the parasympathetic, the opposite phenomenon being sympatheticotonia. There is an associated clinical syndrome with low blood pressure (hypotension), low heart rate (bradycardia)
fluid or gas forces opposing motion and flow
the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value.
refers to the presence of two placentas
with cardiovascular anomalies, also known as Ivemark syndrome and right atrial isomerism, is an example of a heterotaxy syndrome. In addition, individuals with right atrial isomerism develop asplenia, a midline liver, malrotation of the small intestine and the presence of two morphologic right lungs. Individuals with left atrial isomerism, by comparison, have two morphologic left atria, polysplenia, intestinal malrotation and two morphologic left lungs.
normal position of organs
identical sharing a single placenta
is a condition where the heart muscle is abnormal. The main types of cardiomyopathy include dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy makes it harder for your heart to pump and deliver blood to the rest of your body.
inverted disposition of organs
the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.
situs refers to the disposition of organs in organisms with left-right asymmetry
To the left
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