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Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics

Across
the part of Earth which is composed mostly of rocks; the crust and outer mantle
occurs where two tectonic plates move apart
a large landmass created by the convergence of multiple continents
the gravitational force on dense oceanic lithosphere that forces one plate to slide beneath another
a tectonic plate boundary at which two tectonic plates move toward each other, causing collisions and subduction zones
the sliding of oceanic lithosphere downward and away from a mid-ocean ridge due to the higher elevation of the mid-ocean ridge relative to a subduction zone
the layer of solid rock between Earth’s crust and core
an oceanic rift zone that consists of long mountain chains with a central rift valley; divergent boundary
the movement of Earth's continents relative to each other
Down
The rocks of Earth's crust that make up the base of the continents, ranging in thickness from about 21 miles to 37 km.
occurs when rocks are squeezed by external forces directed toward one another to put stress on the rock, acting to decrease its volume or shorten its dimensions
the motion of tectonic plates, which occurs at a rate of a few centimeters per year
the transfer of heat from one place to another caused by movement of molecules
a convergent boundary where oceanic lithosphere is forced down into the asthenosphere under the lithosphere that comprises another, less dense tectonic plate
the liquid outer portion of Earth's core, composed primarily of iron and nickel
the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges as tectonic plates pull away from each other
the theory that describes the movement and recycling of segments of Earth's crust, called tectonic plates
a tectonic valley that forms by extensional stress which causes fracturing and the formation of normal faults
the solid, inner portion of Earth's core, composed of an alloy of iron, nickel, and other heavy elements; rotates within the liquid outer core
the large supercontinent at the end of the Paleozoic Era consisting of all the land on Earth, including all seven continents