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Chapter 20 bio 111- Vocabulary

Across
A technique for separating nucleic acids or proteins on the basis of their size and electrical charge, both of which affect their rate of movement through an electric field in a gel made of agarose or another polymer.
A small, circular, double-stranded dna molecule that carries accessory genes separate from those of a bacterial chromosome; in dna cloning, plasmids are used as vectors carrying up to about 10,000 base pairs (10 kb) of DNA. Plasmids are also found in some eukaryotes, such as yeasts.
In genetic engineering, a DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and replicate there. Cloning vectors include plasmids and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), which move recombinant DNA from a test tube back into a cell, and viruses that transfer recombinant DNA by infection.
Technology for sequencing and manipulating DNA.
Embryonic stem cells capable of differentiating into many different cell types.
A DNA segment that results from the cutting of DNA by a restriction enzyme.
The production of multiple copies of a specific DNA segment.
A single-stranded end of double-stranded restriction fragment.
Down
An endonuclease (type of enzyme) that recognizes and cuts DNA molecules foreign to a bacterium (such as phage genomes). The enzyme cuts at specific nucleotide sequences (restriction sites).
Determine the complete nucleotide sequence of a gene or DNA segment.
A specific sequence on a DNA strand that is recognized and cut by a restriction enzyme.
The manipulation of organisms or their components to produce useful products.
Any relatively unspecialized cell that can produce, during a single division, two identical cells.
The production of multiple copies of a gene.
A cell that can generate a complete new organism.
A technique for amplifying DNA in vitro by incubating it with specific primers, a heat-resistant DNA polymerase, and nucleotides.